IEEE PES “Recorded” Lecture: Challenges and Solutions for Protection in Power Systems with Inverter-based Resources (IBR)

[] The transition to a net-zero energy system requires a massive change in how electricity is produced, transported and used; the power electronic converters are the core of this paradigm-shifting, and the control techniques used on them primarily influence the power system’s dynamic behaviour. It is well documented that the power of electronic converter-based resources has created new challenges from the protection system perspective. One of the challenges from the protection point of view is coming from the signature of the output current of inverter-based resource (IBR) during short circuit conditions. It differs from traditional rotational electrical machines during a short circuit. The semiconductor switching devices of the power electronic converter are intolerant to overcurrents, so the short circuit current contribution is limited to avoid damage to the switching devices, and during this limited operation, the output waveform can be nonsinusoidal. Additionally, the dynamic response of the PEC during fault conditions is highly dependent on the IBR programming, impacting the voltage and current relationship at the point of connection. The IBR’s peculiar features affect its performance during fault conditions and the protection system at transmission and distribution. This keynote starts with an introduction of the IBR characteristics and control strategy, as well as consideration of the pre-fault performance and time frame after the fault. Discussion about the IBR transient rating and the protection are presented. The keynote is intended to show details of the challenges of traditional protection systems at the transmission and distribution level caused by the integration of IBR. The effects of the IBR performance of the protection are presented: traditional line protection scheme, traditional directional and non-directional overcurrent protection schemes, and negative and zero polarised directional protection. Off-line and real-time simulations are used to present the challenges. The keynote closes by presenting a comprehensive set of proposed solutions to increase the performance of the protection systems in power systems with high penetration of IBR. About the Speaker: Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt is currently an academic in Electrical Power Systems at the Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST) at Loughborough University and an invited full professor in electrical power engineering at Institutt for elektro, IT og kybernetikk, (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.usn.no/english/about/contact-us/employees/francisco-manuel-gonzalez-longatt-article222386-7531.html__;!!FQnafLjW4w!RDFHck0V4eaTdII5549oaPkLkG87MvzKFaetLWuNA9VlPWNt9yzCXrbYOYhXEUKdkeMwIiJlXVjhB9S1eg$), Norway. Founder and leader of the DIgEnSys-Lab = Digital Energy Systems Laboratory and a global research initiative for digital energy systems. His academic qualifications include first Class Electrical Engineering from Instituto Universitario Politécnico de la Fuerza Armada Nacional, Venezuela (1994), Master of Business Administration (Honors) from Universidad Bicentenaria de Aragua, Venezuela (1999), PhD in Electrical Power Engineering from the Universidad Central de Venezuela (2008) and Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education Professional Practice from Coventry University (2013) and Diploma in Leadership and Management (ILM Level 3), Loughborough University (2018). He is a former Lecturer in Electrical Power Systems at Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering and a member of the (https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/www.lboro.ac.uk/research/crest/__;!!FQnafLjW4w!RDFHck0V4eaTdII5549oaPkLkG87MvzKFaetLWuNA9VlPWNt9yzCXrbYOYhXEUKdkeMwIiJlXVgG15flJQ$) (CREST) at Loughborough University, UK. He is a former academic staff of the Department of Aerospace, Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Coventry University, where he started as a Lecturer in Electrical Engineering in 2012 and was promoted to Senior Lecturer in Electrical Engineering in 2013. He was formerly with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester as a Postdoctoral Research Associate (2009-2011). He is a former associate professor (1995-2009) and Chair (1999-2001) of the Department of Electrical Engineering of Universidad Nacional Politécnico de la Fuerza Armada Nacional, Venezuela (1995-2009). He has written 20+ book chapters,50+ journal and magazine papers and 100+ conference papers. His work has over 4.5k+ citations, and his h-index is 33 (May 2023), according to (https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=4dkpMnEAAAAJ&hl=en__;!!FQnafLjW4w!RDFHck0V4eaTdII5549oaPkLkG87MvzKFaetLWuNA9VlPWNt9yzCXrbYOYhXEUKdkeMwIiJlXVhzkXni3Q$). He has been invited as a professor at the Master of Renewables at the University of Seville, Spain, the Master of Renewable at the University Carlos III Madrid, Spain, and many other universities worldwide. He has been invited speaker at several top universities: KTH-Sweden, Leuven-Belgium, TU Delft-The Netherlands, etc.; keynote speaker at several important conferences, including session chair at very well-known IEEE conferences. He is an associate editor in several top-ranked scientific journals in the area of power systems. Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/512856